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Psychological Testing
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| PERSONALITY - objective
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TESTS
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MMPI
MACI
MCMI
YOQ
Beck Depression
Hundreds of other questionnaires
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PURPOSE
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The best ones provide validity scales for defensiveness, random responding, and exaggeration
Norm-referenced (compares the student to others with and without the same problems)
Provide information about various mental health issues (i.e. Depression, anxiety, antisocial traits, OCD)
Can provide information about Axis I and Axis II disorders
Should be statistically sound
Can provide an indication of severity and chronicity
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LIMITATION
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Can be invalidated by defensive, random, or exaggerated responding
An elevation on a scale such as "depression" does not indicate a diagnosis of that disorder
Often inappropriately interpreted by people who are not trained
Usually only self-report
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| PERSONALITY - projective
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TESTS
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Rorschach
TAT
Sentence Completion
Drawing
Story Telling
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PURPOSE
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Can provide good information even when the person is trying to "fake" the test
Provides information about the person's worldview, expectations about social interactions, and subconscious ideas and motivations
A good way to evaluate the person's reality orientation versus withdrawal into fantasy
Rorschach and TAT are best validated and researched
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LIMITATION
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Only Rorschach is norm referenced at all and it is criticized for having low reliability and validity
Different evaluators with different ideologies interpret it in different ways
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| BEHAVIORAL
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TESTS
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CBCL
YOQ
Connors ADHD
Brown ADHD
Many other parent and teacher reports
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PURPOSE
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Provide information from outside observers
Often norm-referenced and statistically validated
Usually provide good information about issues such as ADHD, anxiety, depression, aggressiveness, and conduct problems
Usually used with children under 13
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LIMITATION
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Scores depend too much on who is doing the rating (moms often rate behavior as much worse than fathers
Often hard to get outside observer ratings
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